Invited Review Phase Transitions and Critical Behaviour of Binary Liquid Mixtures

Compared to the simple one-component case, the phase behaviour of binary liquid mixtures shows an incredibly rich variety of phenomena. In this contribution we restrict ourselves to so-called binary symmetric mixtures, i.e. where like-particle interactions are equal (F11(r)ˆF22(r)), whereas the interactions between unlike ̄uid particles differ from those of likes ones (F11(r) 6ˆ F12(r)). Using both the simple mean spherical approximation and the more sophisticated selfconsistent Ornstein-Zernike approximation, we have calculated the structural and thermodynamic properties of such a system and determine phase diagrams, paying particular attention to the critical behaviour (critical and tricritical points, critical end points). We then study the thermodynamic properties of the same binary mixture when it is in thermal equilibrium with a disordered porous matrix which we have realized by a frozen con®guration of equally sized particles. We observe ± in qualitative agreement with experiment ± that already a minute matrix density is able to lead to drastic changes in the phase behaviour of the ̄uid. We systematically investigate the in ̄uence of the external system parameters (due to the matrix properties and the ̄uid±matrix interactions) and of the internal system parameters (due to the ̄uid properties) on the phase diagram.